574 lines
23 KiB
Python
574 lines
23 KiB
Python
# backend.py
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import subprocess
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import os
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import json
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import time
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import re
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import shutil
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from typing import Tuple, List, Dict, Optional
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# 常量配置
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COMMAND_TIMEOUT = 300 # 命令执行超时时间（秒）
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DEFAULT_GRUB_CONFIG_PATHS = [
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"/boot/grub/grub.cfg",
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"/boot/grub2/grub.cfg",
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]
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def validate_device_path(path: str) -> bool:
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"""
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验证设备路径格式是否合法（防止命令注入）。
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:param path: 设备路径（如 /dev/sda1, /dev/mapper/cl-root）
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:return: 是否合法
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"""
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if not path:
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return False
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# 允许的格式:
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# - /dev/sda, /dev/sda1
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# - /dev/nvme0n1, /dev/nvme0n1p1
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# - /dev/mmcblk0, /dev/mmcblk0p1
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# - /dev/mapper/xxx (LVM逻辑卷)
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# - /dev/dm-0 等
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patterns = [
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r'^/dev/[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$',
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r'^/dev/mapper/[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$',
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]
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return any(re.match(pattern, path) is not None for pattern in patterns)
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def run_command(command: List[str], description: str = "执行命令",
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cwd: Optional[str] = None, shell: bool = False,
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timeout: int = COMMAND_TIMEOUT) -> Tuple[bool, str, str]:
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"""
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运行一个系统命令，并捕获其输出和错误。
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:param command: 要执行的命令列表 (例如 ["sudo", "lsblk"])
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:param description: 命令的描述，用于日志
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:param cwd: 更改工作目录
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:param shell: 是否使用shell执行命令
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:param timeout: 命令超时时间（秒）
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:return: (success, stdout, stderr) 表示成功、标准输出、标准错误
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"""
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try:
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print(f"[Backend] {description}: {' '.join(command)}")
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result = subprocess.run(
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command,
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capture_output=True,
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text=True,
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check=True,
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cwd=cwd,
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shell=shell,
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timeout=timeout
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)
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print(f"[Backend] 命令成功: {description}")
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return True, result.stdout, result.stderr
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except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
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print(f"[Backend] 命令失败: {description}")
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print(f"[Backend] 错误输出: {e.stderr}")
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return False, e.stdout, e.stderr
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except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
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print(f"[Backend] 命令超时: {description}")
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return False, "", f"命令执行超时（超过 {timeout} 秒）"
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except FileNotFoundError:
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print(f"[Backend] 命令未找到: {' '.join(command)}")
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return False, "", f"命令未找到: {command[0]}"
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"[Backend] 发生未知错误: {e}")
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return False, "", str(e)
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def _process_partition(block_device: Dict, all_disks: List, all_partitions: List,
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all_efi_partitions: List) -> None:
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"""
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处理单个块设备，递归处理子分区、LVM逻辑卷等。
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"""
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dev_name = f"/dev/{block_device.get('name', '')}"
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dev_type = block_device.get("type")
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if dev_type == "disk":
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all_disks.append({"name": dev_name})
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# 递归处理子分区
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for child in block_device.get("children", []):
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_process_partition(child, all_disks, all_partitions, all_efi_partitions)
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elif dev_type == "part":
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# 过滤掉Live系统自身的分区
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mountpoint = block_device.get("mountpoint")
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if mountpoint and (mountpoint == "/" or
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mountpoint.startswith("/run/media") or
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mountpoint.startswith("/cdrom") or
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mountpoint.startswith("/live")):
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# 继续处理子设备（如LVM），但自己不被标记为可用分区
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for child in block_device.get("children", []):
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_process_partition(child, all_disks, all_partitions, all_efi_partitions)
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return
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part_info = {
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"name": dev_name,
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"fstype": block_device.get("fstype", "unknown"),
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"size": block_device.get("size", "unknown"),
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"mountpoint": mountpoint,
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"uuid": block_device.get("uuid"),
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"partlabel": block_device.get("partlabel"),
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"label": block_device.get("label"),
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"parttype": (block_device.get("parttype") or "").upper() # EFI分区类型GUID
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}
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all_partitions.append(part_info)
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# 识别EFI系统分区 (FAT32文件系统, 且满足以下条件之一)
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is_vfat = part_info["fstype"] == "vfat"
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has_efi_label = part_info["partlabel"] and "EFI" in part_info["partlabel"].upper()
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has_efi_name = part_info["label"] and "EFI" in part_info["label"].upper()
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is_efi_type = part_info["parttype"] == "C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B"
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if is_vfat and (has_efi_label or has_efi_name or is_efi_type):
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all_efi_partitions.append(part_info)
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# 递归处理子设备（如LVM逻辑卷）
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for child in block_device.get("children", []):
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_process_partition(child, all_disks, all_partitions, all_efi_partitions)
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elif dev_type in ["lvm", "dm"]:
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# 处理LVM逻辑卷和Device Mapper设备
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mountpoint = block_device.get("mountpoint")
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# 过滤Live系统自身的挂载点
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if mountpoint and (mountpoint == "/" or
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mountpoint.startswith("/run/media") or
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mountpoint.startswith("/cdrom") or
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mountpoint.startswith("/live")):
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pass # 仍然添加到分区列表，但标记一下
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# 尝试获取mapper路径（如 /dev/mapper/cl-root）
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lv_name = block_device.get("name", "")
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# 如果名称中包含'-'，可能是mapper设备
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if "-" in lv_name and not lv_name.startswith("dm-"):
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mapper_path = f"/dev/mapper/{lv_name}"
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else:
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mapper_path = dev_name
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part_info = {
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"name": mapper_path,
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"fstype": block_device.get("fstype", "unknown"),
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"size": block_device.get("size", "unknown"),
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"mountpoint": mountpoint,
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"uuid": block_device.get("uuid"),
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"partlabel": block_device.get("partlabel"),
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"label": block_device.get("label"),
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"parttype": (block_device.get("parttype") or "").upper(),
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"is_lvm": True,
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"dm_name": lv_name
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}
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all_partitions.append(part_info)
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# 递归处理可能的子设备
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for child in block_device.get("children", []):
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_process_partition(child, all_disks, all_partitions, all_efi_partitions)
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def scan_partitions() -> Tuple[bool, List, List, List, str]:
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"""
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扫描系统中的所有磁盘和分区，并返回结构化的信息。
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:return: (success, disks, partitions, efi_partitions, error_message)
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"""
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success, stdout, stderr = run_command(
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["sudo", "lsblk", "-J", "-o", "NAME,FSTYPE,SIZE,MOUNTPOINT,UUID,PARTLABEL,LABEL,TYPE,PARTTYPE"],
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"扫描分区"
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)
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if not success:
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return False, [], [], [], stderr
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try:
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data = json.loads(stdout)
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all_disks = []
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all_partitions = []
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all_efi_partitions = []
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for block_device in data.get("blockdevices", []):
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_process_partition(block_device, all_disks, all_partitions, all_efi_partitions)
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return True, all_disks, all_partitions, all_efi_partitions, ""
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except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
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return False, [], [], [], f"解析lsblk输出失败: {e}"
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except Exception as e:
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return False, [], [], [], f"处理分区数据时发生未知错误: {e}"
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def _cleanup_partial_mount(mount_point: str, mounted_boot: bool, mounted_efi: bool,
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bind_paths_mounted: List[str]) -> None:
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"""
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清理部分挂载的资源（用于挂载失败时的回滚）。
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"""
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print(f"[Backend] 清理部分挂载资源: {mount_point}")
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# 逆序卸载已绑定的路径
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for target_path in reversed(bind_paths_mounted):
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if os.path.ismount(target_path):
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run_command(["sudo", "umount", target_path], f"清理卸载绑定 {target_path}")
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# 卸载EFI分区
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if mounted_efi:
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efi_mount_point = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot/efi")
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if os.path.ismount(efi_mount_point):
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run_command(["sudo", "umount", efi_mount_point], "清理卸载EFI分区")
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# 卸载/boot分区
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if mounted_boot:
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boot_mount_point = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot")
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if os.path.ismount(boot_mount_point):
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run_command(["sudo", "umount", boot_mount_point], "清理卸载/boot分区")
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# 卸载根分区
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if os.path.ismount(mount_point):
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run_command(["sudo", "umount", mount_point], "清理卸载根分区")
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# 删除临时目录
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if os.path.exists(mount_point) and not os.path.ismount(mount_point):
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try:
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os.rmdir(mount_point)
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except OSError:
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pass
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def mount_target_system(root_partition: str, boot_partition: Optional[str] = None,
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efi_partition: Optional[str] = None) -> Tuple[bool, str, str]:
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"""
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挂载目标系统的根分区、/boot分区和EFI分区到临时目录。
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:param root_partition: 目标系统的根分区设备路径
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:param boot_partition: 目标系统的独立 /boot 分区设备路径 (可选)
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:param efi_partition: 目标系统的EFI系统分区设备路径 (可选，仅UEFI)
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:return: (True/False, mount_point, error_message)
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"""
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# 验证输入
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if not validate_device_path(root_partition):
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return False, "", f"无效的根分区路径: {root_partition}"
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if boot_partition and not validate_device_path(boot_partition):
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return False, "", f"无效的/boot分区路径: {boot_partition}"
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if efi_partition and not validate_device_path(efi_partition):
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return False, "", f"无效的EFI分区路径: {efi_partition}"
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# 创建临时挂载点
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mount_point = "/mnt_grub_repair_" + str(int(time.time()))
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try:
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os.makedirs(mount_point, exist_ok=False)
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except Exception as e:
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return False, "", f"创建挂载点失败: {e}"
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# 跟踪已挂载的资源，用于失败时清理
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bind_paths_mounted = []
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mounted_boot = False
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mounted_efi = False
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# 1. 挂载根分区
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success, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "mount", root_partition, mount_point],
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f"挂载根分区 {root_partition}")
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if not success:
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os.rmdir(mount_point)
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return False, "", f"挂载根分区失败: {stderr}"
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# 2. 如果有独立 /boot 分区
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if boot_partition:
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boot_mount_point = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot")
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if not os.path.exists(boot_mount_point):
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os.makedirs(boot_mount_point)
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success, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "mount", boot_partition, boot_mount_point],
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f"挂载 /boot 分区 {boot_partition}")
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if not success:
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_cleanup_partial_mount(mount_point, False, False, [])
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return False, "", f"挂载 /boot 分区失败: {stderr}"
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mounted_boot = True
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# 3. 如果有EFI分区 (UEFI系统)
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if efi_partition:
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efi_mount_point = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot/efi")
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if not os.path.exists(efi_mount_point):
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os.makedirs(efi_mount_point)
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success, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "mount", efi_partition, efi_mount_point],
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f"挂载 EFI 分区 {efi_partition}")
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if not success:
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_cleanup_partial_mount(mount_point, mounted_boot, False, [])
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return False, "", f"挂载 EFI 分区失败: {stderr}"
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mounted_efi = True
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# 4. 绑定必要的伪文件系统
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bind_paths = ["/dev", "/dev/pts", "/proc", "/sys", "/run"]
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for path in bind_paths:
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target_path = os.path.join(mount_point, path.lstrip('/'))
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if not os.path.exists(target_path):
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os.makedirs(target_path)
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success, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "mount", "--bind", path, target_path],
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f"绑定 {path} 到 {target_path}")
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if not success:
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_cleanup_partial_mount(mount_point, mounted_boot, mounted_efi, bind_paths_mounted)
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return False, "", f"绑定 {path} 失败: {stderr}"
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bind_paths_mounted.append(target_path)
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return True, mount_point, ""
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def detect_distro_type(mount_point: str) -> str:
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"""
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尝试检测目标系统发行版类型。
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:param mount_point: 目标系统根分区的挂载点
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:return: "arch", "centos", "debian", "ubuntu", "fedora", "opensuse", "unknown"
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"""
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os_release_path = os.path.join(mount_point, "etc/os-release")
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if not os.path.exists(os_release_path):
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# 尝试 /etc/issue 作为备选
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issue_path = os.path.join(mount_point, "etc/issue")
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if os.path.exists(issue_path):
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try:
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with open(issue_path, "r") as f:
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content = f.read().lower()
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if "ubuntu" in content:
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return "ubuntu"
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elif "debian" in content:
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return "debian"
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elif "centos" in content or "rhel" in content:
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return "centos"
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elif "fedora" in content:
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return "fedora"
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except Exception:
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pass
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return "unknown"
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try:
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with open(os_release_path, "r") as f:
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content = f.read()
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# 解析 ID 和 ID_LIKE 字段
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id_match = re.search(r'^ID=(.+)$', content, re.MULTILINE)
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id_like_match = re.search(r'^ID_LIKE=(.+)$', content, re.MULTILINE)
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distro_id = id_match.group(1).strip('"\'') if id_match else ""
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id_like = id_like_match.group(1).strip('"\'') if id_like_match else ""
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# 直接匹配
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if distro_id == "ubuntu":
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return "ubuntu"
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elif distro_id == "debian":
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return "debian"
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elif distro_id in ["arch", "manjaro", "endeavouros"]:
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return "arch"
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elif distro_id in ["centos", "rhel", "rocky", "almalinux"]:
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return "centos"
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elif distro_id == "fedora":
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return "fedora"
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elif distro_id in ["opensuse", "opensuse-leap", "opensuse-tumbleweed"]:
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return "opensuse"
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# 通过 ID_LIKE 推断
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if "ubuntu" in id_like:
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return "ubuntu"
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elif "debian" in id_like:
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return "debian"
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elif "arch" in id_like:
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return "arch"
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elif "rhel" in id_like or "centos" in id_like or "fedora" in id_like:
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return "centos" # 使用centos命令集
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elif "suse" in id_like:
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return "opensuse"
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return "unknown"
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"[Backend] 无法读取os-release文件: {e}")
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return "unknown"
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def chroot_and_repair_grub(mount_point: str, target_disk: str,
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is_uefi: bool = False, distro_type: str = "unknown") -> Tuple[bool, str]:
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"""
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Chroot到目标系统并执行GRUB修复命令。
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:param mount_point: 目标系统根分区的挂载点
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:param target_disk: GRUB要安装到的物理磁盘
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:param is_uefi: 目标系统是否使用UEFI启动
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:param distro_type: 目标系统发行版类型
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:return: (True/False, error_message)
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"""
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if not validate_device_path(target_disk):
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return False, f"无效的目标磁盘路径: {target_disk}"
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chroot_cmd_prefix = ["sudo", "chroot", mount_point]
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# 1. 安装GRUB到目标磁盘
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if is_uefi:
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# UEFI模式：首先尝试正常安装（注册NVRAM启动项）
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success, _, stderr = run_command(
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chroot_cmd_prefix + ["grub-install", "--target=x86_64-efi",
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"--efi-directory=/boot/efi", "--bootloader-id=GRUB"],
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"安装UEFI GRUB（带NVRAM）"
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)
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# 如果失败是因为EFI变量不支持（常见于Live环境修复外部磁盘），使用 --no-nvram 重试
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if not success and ("EFI variables are not supported" in stderr or
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"efibootmgr" in stderr or
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"NVRAM" in stderr):
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print(f"[Backend] 警告: EFI变量访问失败，尝试不使用NVRAM (--no-nvram) 安装...")
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success, _, stderr = run_command(
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||
chroot_cmd_prefix + ["grub-install", "--target=x86_64-efi",
|
||
"--efi-directory=/boot/efi", "--bootloader-id=GRUB",
|
||
"--no-nvram"],
|
||
"安装UEFI GRUB（不带NVRAM）"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
# 如果仍然失败，尝试 --removable 选项（某些固件需要）
|
||
if not success:
|
||
print(f"[Backend] 警告: 标准安装失败，尝试 --removable 选项...")
|
||
success, _, stderr = run_command(
|
||
chroot_cmd_prefix + ["grub-install", "--target=x86_64-efi",
|
||
"--efi-directory=/boot/efi",
|
||
"--removable"],
|
||
"安装UEFI GRUB（可移动模式）"
|
||
)
|
||
else:
|
||
success, _, stderr = run_command(
|
||
chroot_cmd_prefix + ["grub-install", target_disk],
|
||
"安装BIOS GRUB"
|
||
)
|
||
if not success:
|
||
return False, f"GRUB安装失败: {stderr}"
|
||
|
||
# 2. 更新GRUB配置文件
|
||
grub_update_cmd = []
|
||
if distro_type in ["debian", "ubuntu"]:
|
||
grub_update_cmd = ["update-grub"]
|
||
elif distro_type == "arch":
|
||
grub_update_cmd = ["grub-mkconfig", "-o", "/boot/grub/grub.cfg"]
|
||
elif distro_type == "centos":
|
||
# 检测实际存在的配置文件路径
|
||
grub2_path = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot/grub2/grub.cfg")
|
||
grub_path = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot/grub/grub.cfg")
|
||
if os.path.exists(os.path.dirname(grub2_path)):
|
||
grub_update_cmd = ["grub2-mkconfig", "-o", "/boot/grub2/grub.cfg"]
|
||
else:
|
||
grub_update_cmd = ["grub2-mkconfig", "-o", "/boot/grub/grub.cfg"]
|
||
elif distro_type == "fedora":
|
||
grub_update_cmd = ["grub2-mkconfig", "-o", "/boot/grub2/grub.cfg"]
|
||
elif distro_type == "opensuse":
|
||
grub_update_cmd = ["grub2-mkconfig", "-o", "/boot/grub2/grub.cfg"]
|
||
else:
|
||
# 尝试通用命令，先检测配置文件路径
|
||
for cfg_path in ["/boot/grub/grub.cfg", "/boot/grub2/grub.cfg"]:
|
||
full_path = os.path.join(mount_point, cfg_path.lstrip('/'))
|
||
if os.path.exists(os.path.dirname(full_path)):
|
||
grub_update_cmd = ["grub-mkconfig", "-o", cfg_path]
|
||
break
|
||
else:
|
||
grub_update_cmd = ["grub-mkconfig", "-o", "/boot/grub/grub.cfg"]
|
||
|
||
success, _, stderr = run_command(
|
||
chroot_cmd_prefix + grub_update_cmd,
|
||
"更新GRUB配置文件"
|
||
)
|
||
if not success:
|
||
return False, f"GRUB配置文件更新失败: {stderr}"
|
||
|
||
return True, ""
|
||
|
||
|
||
def unmount_target_system(mount_point: str) -> Tuple[bool, str]:
|
||
"""
|
||
卸载所有挂载的分区。
|
||
:param mount_point: 目标系统根分区的挂载点
|
||
:return: (True/False, error_message)
|
||
"""
|
||
print(f"[Backend] 正在卸载分区 from {mount_point}...")
|
||
success = True
|
||
error_msg = ""
|
||
|
||
# 按照挂载的逆序卸载：
|
||
# 挂载顺序: /dev, /dev/pts, /proc, /sys, /run, /boot/efi, /boot, 根分区
|
||
# 卸载顺序: /run, /sys, /proc, /dev/pts, /dev, /boot/efi, /boot, 根分区
|
||
|
||
# 1. 卸载绑定路径（先卸载子目录）
|
||
bind_paths = ["/run", "/sys", "/proc", "/dev/pts", "/dev"]
|
||
for path in bind_paths:
|
||
target_path = os.path.join(mount_point, path.lstrip('/'))
|
||
if os.path.ismount(target_path):
|
||
s, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "umount", target_path], f"卸载绑定 {target_path}")
|
||
if not s:
|
||
success = False
|
||
error_msg += f"卸载绑定 {target_path} 失败: {stderr}\n"
|
||
|
||
# 2. 卸载 /boot/efi (如果存在)
|
||
efi_mount_point = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot/efi")
|
||
if os.path.ismount(efi_mount_point):
|
||
s, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "umount", efi_mount_point], f"卸载 {efi_mount_point}")
|
||
if not s:
|
||
success = False
|
||
error_msg += f"卸载 {efi_mount_point} 失败: {stderr}\n"
|
||
|
||
# 3. 卸载 /boot (如果存在且是独立挂载的)
|
||
boot_mount_point = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot")
|
||
if os.path.ismount(boot_mount_point):
|
||
s, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "umount", boot_mount_point], f"卸载 {boot_mount_point}")
|
||
if not s:
|
||
success = False
|
||
error_msg += f"卸载 {boot_mount_point} 失败: {stderr}\n"
|
||
|
||
# 4. 卸载根分区
|
||
if os.path.ismount(mount_point):
|
||
s, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "umount", mount_point], f"卸载根分区 {mount_point}")
|
||
if not s:
|
||
success = False
|
||
error_msg += f"卸载根分区 {mount_point} 失败: {stderr}\n"
|
||
|
||
# 5. 清理临时挂载点目录
|
||
if os.path.exists(mount_point) and not os.path.ismount(mount_point):
|
||
try:
|
||
shutil.rmtree(mount_point)
|
||
print(f"[Backend] 清理临时目录 {mount_point}")
|
||
except OSError as e:
|
||
print(f"[Backend] 无法删除临时目录 {mount_point}: {e}")
|
||
error_msg += f"无法删除临时目录 {mount_point}: {e}\n"
|
||
|
||
return success, error_msg
|
||
|
||
|
||
# 示例：如果直接运行backend.py，可以进行一些测试
|
||
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||
print("--- 运行后端测试 ---")
|
||
|
||
print("\n--- 扫描分区测试 ---")
|
||
success, disks, partitions, efi_partitions, err = scan_partitions()
|
||
if success:
|
||
print("磁盘:", [d['name'] for d in disks])
|
||
print("分区:", [p['name'] for p in partitions])
|
||
print("EFI分区:", [p['name'] for p in efi_partitions])
|
||
else:
|
||
print("扫描分区失败:", err)
|
||
|
||
# 假设有一些分区可供测试，实际运行时需要用户输入
|
||
# 例如：
|
||
# test_root_partition = "/dev/sdaX"
|
||
# test_target_disk = "/dev/sda"
|
||
# test_efi_partition = "/dev/sdY"
|
||
#
|
||
# if test_root_partition and test_target_disk:
|
||
# print(f"\n--- 挂载系统测试 (模拟 {test_root_partition}) ---")
|
||
# mount_ok, mnt_pt, mount_err = mount_target_system(test_root_partition, efi_partition=test_efi_partition)
|
||
# if mount_ok:
|
||
# print(f"系统挂载成功到: {mnt_pt}")
|
||
# distro = detect_distro_type(mnt_pt)
|
||
# print(f"检测到发行版: {distro}")
|
||
#
|
||
# print("\n--- 修复GRUB测试 ---")
|
||
# repair_ok, repair_err = chroot_and_repair_grub(mnt_pt, test_target_disk, is_uefi=True, distro_type=distro)
|
||
# if repair_ok:
|
||
# print("GRUB修复成功！")
|
||
# else:
|
||
# print("GRUB修复失败:", repair_err)
|
||
#
|
||
# print("\n--- 卸载系统测试 ---")
|
||
# unmount_ok, unmount_err = unmount_target_system(mnt_pt)
|
||
# if unmount_ok:
|
||
# print("系统卸载成功！")
|
||
# else:
|
||
# print("系统卸载失败:", unmount_err)
|
||
# else:
|
||
# print("系统挂载失败:", mount_err)
|
||
# else:
|
||
# print("\n请在代码中设置 test_root_partition 和 test_target_disk 进行完整测试。")
|