# backend.py import subprocess import os import json import time # 用于模拟耗时操作，实际可移除 def run_command(command, description="执行命令", cwd=None, shell=False): """ 运行一个系统命令，并捕获其输出和错误。 :param command: 要执行的命令列表 (例如 ["sudo", "lsblk"]) :param description: 命令的描述，用于日志 :param cwd: 更改工作目录 :param shell: 是否使用shell执行命令 (通常不推荐，除非命令需要shell特性) :return: (True/False, stdout, stderr) 表示成功、标准输出、标准错误 """ try: print(f"[Backend] {description}: {' '.join(command)}") result = subprocess.run( command, capture_output=True, text=True, check=True, # 如果命令返回非零退出码，将抛出CalledProcessError cwd=cwd, shell=shell ) print(f"[Backend] 命令成功: {description}") return True, result.stdout, result.stderr except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e: print(f"[Backend] 命令失败: {description}") print(f"[Backend] 错误输出: {e.stderr}") return False, e.stdout, e.stderr except FileNotFoundError: print(f"[Backend] 命令未找到: {' '.join(command)}") return False, "", f"命令未找到: {command[0]}" except Exception as e: print(f"[Backend] 发生未知错误: {e}") return False, "", str(e) def scan_partitions(): """ 扫描系统中的所有磁盘和分区，并返回结构化的信息。 :return: (success, disks, partitions, efi_partitions, error_message) disks: list of {"name": "/dev/sda"} partitions: list of {"name": "/dev/sda1", "fstype": "ext4", "size": "100G", "mountpoint": "/"} efi_partitions: list of {"name": "/dev/sda1", "fstype": "vfat", "size": "512M"} """ success, stdout, stderr = run_command( ["sudo", "lsblk", "-J", "-o", "NAME,FSTYPE,SIZE,MOUNTPOINT,UUID,PARTLABEL,LABEL,TYPE"], "扫描分区" ) if not success: return False, [], [], [], stderr try: data = json.loads(stdout) all_disks = [] all_partitions = [] all_efi_partitions = [] for block_device in data.get("blockdevices", []): dev_name = f"/dev/{block_device['name']}" dev_type = block_device.get("type") if dev_type == "disk": all_disks.append({"name": dev_name}) elif dev_type == "part": # 过滤掉Live系统自身的分区（基于常见的Live环境挂载点） mountpoint = block_device.get("mountpoint") if mountpoint and (mountpoint == "/" or mountpoint.startswith("/run/media") or mountpoint.startswith("/cdrom")): continue part_info = { "name": dev_name, "fstype": block_device.get("fstype", "unknown"), "size": block_device.get("size", "unknown"), "mountpoint": mountpoint, "uuid": block_device.get("uuid"), "partlabel": block_device.get("partlabel"), "label": block_device.get("label") } all_partitions.append(part_info) # 识别EFI系统分区 (FAT32文件系统, 且通常有特定标签或名称) if part_info["fstype"] == "vfat" and (part_info["partlabel"] == "EFI System Partition" or part_info["label"] == "EFI"): all_efi_partitions.append(part_info) return True, all_disks, all_partitions, all_efi_partitions, "" except json.JSONDecodeError as e: return False, [], [], [], f"解析lsblk输出失败: {e}" except Exception as e: return False, [], [], [], f"处理分区数据时发生未知错误: {e}" def mount_target_system(root_partition, boot_partition=None, efi_partition=None): """ 挂载目标系统的根分区、/boot分区和EFI分区到临时目录。 :param root_partition: 目标系统的根分区设备路径 (例如 /dev/sda1) :param boot_partition: 目标系统的独立 /boot 分区设备路径 (可选) :param efi_partition: 目标系统的EFI系统分区设备路径 (可选，仅UEFI) :return: (True/False, mount_point, error_message) """ mount_point = "/mnt_grub_repair_" + str(int(time.time())) # 确保唯一性 if not os.path.exists(mount_point): os.makedirs(mount_point) # 1. 挂载根分区 success, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "mount", root_partition, mount_point], f"挂载根分区 {root_partition}") if not success: return False, "", f"挂载根分区失败: {stderr}" # 2. 如果有独立 /boot 分区 if boot_partition: boot_mount_point = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot") if not os.path.exists(boot_mount_point): os.makedirs(boot_mount_point) success, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "mount", boot_partition, boot_mount_point], f"挂载 /boot 分区 {boot_partition}") if not success: unmount_target_system(mount_point) # 挂载失败，尝试清理 return False, "", f"挂载 /boot 分区失败: {stderr}" # 3. 如果有EFI分区 (UEFI系统) if efi_partition: efi_mount_point = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot/efi") if not os.path.exists(efi_mount_point): os.makedirs(efi_mount_point) success, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "mount", efi_partition, efi_mount_point], f"挂载 EFI 分区 {efi_partition}") if not success: unmount_target_system(mount_point) # 挂载失败，尝试清理 return False, "", f"挂载 EFI 分区失败: {stderr}" # 4. 绑定必要的伪文件系统 bind_paths = ["/dev", "/dev/pts", "/proc", "/sys", "/run"] for path in bind_paths: target_path = os.path.join(mount_point, path.lstrip('/')) if not os.path.exists(target_path): os.makedirs(target_path) success, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "mount", "--bind", path, target_path], f"绑定 {path} 到 {target_path}") if not success: unmount_target_system(mount_point) # 绑定失败，尝试清理 return False, "", f"绑定 {path} 失败: {stderr}" return True, mount_point, "" def detect_distro_type(mount_point): """ 尝试检测目标系统发行版类型。 :param mount_point: 目标系统根分区的挂载点 :return: "arch", "centos", "debian", "ubuntu", "unknown" """ os_release_path = os.path.join(mount_point, "etc/os-release") if not os.path.exists(os_release_path): return "unknown" try: with open(os_release_path, "r") as f: content = f.read() if "ID=arch" in content: return "arch" elif "ID=centos" in content or "ID=rhel" in content: return "centos" elif "ID=debian" in content: return "debian" elif "ID=ubuntu" in content: return "ubuntu" else: return "unknown" except Exception as e: print(f"[Backend] 无法读取os-release文件: {e}") return "unknown" def chroot_and_repair_grub(mount_point, target_disk, is_uefi=False, distro_type="unknown"): """ Chroot到目标系统并执行GRUB修复命令。 :param mount_point: 目标系统根分区的挂载点 :param target_disk: GRUB要安装到的物理磁盘 (例如 /dev/sda) :param is_uefi: 目标系统是否使用UEFI启动 :param distro_type: 目标系统发行版类型 (用于选择正确的GRUB命令) :return: (True/False, error_message) """ chroot_cmd_prefix = ["sudo", "chroot", mount_point] # 1. 安装GRUB到目标磁盘 if is_uefi: # UEFI系统，需要确保EFI分区已挂载到 /boot/efi # grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=GRUB # 注意：某些系统可能需要指定 --removable 选项，以便在某些固件上更容易启动 # 统一使用 --bootloader-id=GRUB，如果已存在会更新 success, _, stderr = run_command( chroot_cmd_prefix + ["grub-install", "--target=x86_64-efi", "--efi-directory=/boot/efi", "--bootloader-id=GRUB"], "安装UEFI GRUB" ) else: # BIOS系统，安装到MBR success, _, stderr = run_command( chroot_cmd_prefix + ["grub-install", target_disk], "安装BIOS GRUB" ) if not success: return False, f"GRUB安装失败: {stderr}" # 2. 更新GRUB配置文件 grub_update_cmd = [] if distro_type in ["debian", "ubuntu"]: grub_update_cmd = ["update-grub"] # 这是一个脚本，实际是调用grub-mkconfig elif distro_type == "arch": grub_update_cmd = ["grub-mkconfig", "-o", "/boot/grub/grub.cfg"] elif distro_type == "centos": grub_update_cmd = ["grub2-mkconfig", "-o", "/boot/grub2/grub.cfg"] # CentOS 8/9 else: # 尝试通用命令 grub_update_cmd = ["grub-mkconfig", "-o", "/boot/grub/grub.cfg"] success, _, stderr = run_command( chroot_cmd_prefix + grub_update_cmd, "更新GRUB配置文件" ) if not success: return False, f"GRUB配置文件更新失败: {stderr}" return True, "" def unmount_target_system(mount_point): """ 卸载所有挂载的分区。 :param mount_point: 目标系统根分区的挂载点 :return: (True/False, error_message) """ print(f"[Backend] 正在卸载分区 from {mount_point}...") success = True error_msg = "" # 逆序卸载绑定 bind_paths = ["/run", "/sys", "/proc", "/dev/pts", "/dev"] for path in reversed(bind_paths): # 逆序 target_path = os.path.join(mount_point, path.lstrip('/')) if os.path.ismount(target_path): # 检查是否真的挂载了 s, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "umount", target_path], f"卸载绑定 {target_path}") if not s: success = False error_msg += f"卸载绑定 {target_path} 失败: {stderr}\n" # 卸载 /boot/efi (如果存在) efi_mount_point = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot/efi") if os.path.ismount(efi_mount_point): s, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "umount", efi_mount_point], f"卸载 {efi_mount_point}") if not s: success = False error_msg += f"卸载 {efi_mount_point} 失败: {stderr}\n" # 卸载 /boot (如果存在) boot_mount_point = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot") if os.path.ismount(boot_mount_point): s, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "umount", boot_mount_point], f"卸载 {boot_mount_point}") if not s: success = False error_msg += f"卸载 {boot_mount_point} 失败: {stderr}\n" # 卸载根分区 if os.path.ismount(mount_point): s, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "umount", mount_point], f"卸载根分区 {mount_point}") if not s: success = False error_msg += f"卸载根分区 {mount_point} 失败: {stderr}\n" # 清理临时挂载点目录 if os.path.exists(mount_point) and not os.path.ismount(mount_point): try: os.rmdir(mount_point) print(f"[Backend] 清理临时目录 {mount_point}") except OSError as e: print(f"[Backend] 无法删除临时目录 {mount_point}: {e}") error_msg += f"无法删除临时目录 {mount_point}: {e}\n" return success, error_msg # 示例：如果直接运行backend.py，可以进行一些测试 if __name__ == "__main__": print("--- 运行后端测试 ---") print("\n--- 扫描分区测试 ---") success, disks, partitions, efi_partitions, err = scan_partitions() if success: print("磁盘:", [d['name'] for d in disks]) print("分区:", [p['name'] for p in partitions]) print("EFI分区:", [p['name'] for p in efi_partitions]) else: print("扫描分区失败:", err) # 假设有一些分区可供测试，实际运行时需要用户输入 # 例如： # test_root_partition = "/dev/sdaX" # test_target_disk = "/dev/sda" # test_efi_partition = "/dev/sdY" # # if test_root_partition and test_target_disk: # print(f"\n--- 挂载系统测试 (模拟 {test_root_partition}) ---") # mount_ok, mnt_pt, mount_err = mount_target_system(test_root_partition, efi_partition=test_efi_partition) # if mount_ok: # print(f"系统挂载成功到: {mnt_pt}") # distro = detect_distro_type(mnt_pt) # print(f"检测到发行版: {distro}") # # print("\n--- 修复GRUB测试 ---") # repair_ok, repair_err = chroot_and_repair_grub(mnt_pt, test_target_disk, is_uefi=True, distro_type=distro) # if repair_ok: # print("GRUB修复成功！") # else: # print("GRUB修复失败:", repair_err) # # print("\n--- 卸载系统测试 ---") # unmount_ok, unmount_err = unmount_target_system(mnt_pt) # if unmount_ok: # print("系统卸载成功！") # else: # print("系统卸载失败:", unmount_err) # else: # print("系统挂载失败:", mount_err) # else: # print("\n请在代码中设置 test_root_partition 和 test_target_disk 进行完整测试。")