# backend.py import subprocess import os import json import time import re import shutil import glob from typing import Tuple, List, Dict, Optional # 常量配置 COMMAND_TIMEOUT = 300 # 命令执行超时时间（秒） DEFAULT_GRUB_CONFIG_PATHS = [ "/boot/grub/grub.cfg", "/boot/grub2/grub.cfg", ] def log_step(step_name: str, detail: str = ""): """输出步骤日志""" separator = "=" * 60 print(f"\n[STEP] {separator}") print(f"[STEP] {step_name}") if detail: print(f"[STEP] 详情: {detail}") print(f"[STEP] {separator}\n") def log_info(msg: str): """输出信息日志""" print(f"[INFO] {msg}") def log_warning(msg: str): """输出警告日志""" print(f"[WARN] {msg}") def log_error(msg: str): """输出错误日志""" print(f"[ERROR] {msg}") def log_debug(msg: str): """输出调试日志""" print(f"[DEBUG] {msg}") def validate_device_path(path: str) -> bool: """ 验证设备路径格式是否合法（防止命令注入）。 :param path: 设备路径（如 /dev/sda1, /dev/mapper/cl-root） :return: 是否合法 """ if not path: return False patterns = [ r'^/dev/[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$', r'^/dev/mapper/[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$', ] return any(re.match(pattern, path) is not None for pattern in patterns) def run_command(command: List[str], description: str = "执行命令", cwd: Optional[str] = None, shell: bool = False, timeout: int = COMMAND_TIMEOUT) -> Tuple[bool, str, str]: """ 运行一个系统命令，并捕获其输出和错误。 """ cmd_str = ' '.join(command) log_info(f"执行命令: {cmd_str}") log_debug(f"工作目录: {cwd or '当前目录'}, 超时: {timeout}秒") try: result = subprocess.run( command, capture_output=True, text=True, check=True, cwd=cwd, shell=shell, timeout=timeout ) if result.stdout: log_debug(f"stdout: {result.stdout[:500]}") # 限制输出长度 if result.stderr: log_debug(f"stderr: {result.stderr[:500]}") log_info(f"✓ 命令成功: {description}") return True, result.stdout, result.stderr except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e: log_error(f"✗ 命令失败: {description}") log_error(f"返回码: {e.returncode}") log_error(f"stdout: {e.stdout}") log_error(f"stderr: {e.stderr}") return False, e.stdout, e.stderr except subprocess.TimeoutExpired: log_error(f"✗ 命令超时（超过 {timeout} 秒）: {description}") return False, "", f"命令执行超时" except FileNotFoundError: log_error(f"✗ 命令未找到: {command[0]}") return False, "", f"命令未找到: {command[0]}" except Exception as e: log_error(f"✗ 发生未知错误: {e}") return False, "", str(e) def _process_partition(block_device: Dict, all_disks: List, all_partitions: List, all_efi_partitions: List) -> None: """ 处理单个块设备，递归处理子分区、LVM逻辑卷等。 """ dev_name = f"/dev/{block_device.get('name', '')}" dev_type = block_device.get("type") if dev_type == "disk": all_disks.append({"name": dev_name}) for child in block_device.get("children", []): _process_partition(child, all_disks, all_partitions, all_efi_partitions) elif dev_type == "part": mountpoint = block_device.get("mountpoint") if mountpoint and (mountpoint == "/" or mountpoint.startswith("/run/media") or mountpoint.startswith("/cdrom") or mountpoint.startswith("/live")): for child in block_device.get("children", []): _process_partition(child, all_disks, all_partitions, all_efi_partitions) return part_info = { "name": dev_name, "fstype": block_device.get("fstype", "unknown"), "size": block_device.get("size", "unknown"), "mountpoint": mountpoint, "uuid": block_device.get("uuid"), "partlabel": block_device.get("partlabel"), "label": block_device.get("label"), "parttype": (block_device.get("parttype") or "").upper() } all_partitions.append(part_info) is_vfat = part_info["fstype"] == "vfat" has_efi_label = part_info["partlabel"] and "EFI" in part_info["partlabel"].upper() has_efi_name = part_info["label"] and "EFI" in part_info["label"].upper() is_efi_type = part_info["parttype"] == "C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B" if is_vfat and (has_efi_label or has_efi_name or is_efi_type): all_efi_partitions.append(part_info) for child in block_device.get("children", []): _process_partition(child, all_disks, all_partitions, all_efi_partitions) elif dev_type in ["lvm", "dm"]: mountpoint = block_device.get("mountpoint") lv_name = block_device.get("name", "") if "-" in lv_name and not lv_name.startswith("dm-"): mapper_path = f"/dev/mapper/{lv_name}" else: mapper_path = dev_name part_info = { "name": mapper_path, "fstype": block_device.get("fstype", "unknown"), "size": block_device.get("size", "unknown"), "mountpoint": mountpoint, "uuid": block_device.get("uuid"), "partlabel": block_device.get("partlabel"), "label": block_device.get("label"), "parttype": (block_device.get("parttype") or "").upper(), "is_lvm": True, "dm_name": lv_name } all_partitions.append(part_info) for child in block_device.get("children", []): _process_partition(child, all_disks, all_partitions, all_efi_partitions) def scan_partitions() -> Tuple[bool, List, List, List, str]: """ 扫描系统中的所有磁盘和分区。 """ log_step("扫描系统分区", "使用 lsblk 获取磁盘和分区信息") success, stdout, stderr = run_command( ["sudo", "lsblk", "-J", "-o", "NAME,FSTYPE,SIZE,MOUNTPOINT,UUID,PARTLABEL,LABEL,TYPE,PARTTYPE"], "扫描分区" ) if not success: return False, [], [], [], stderr try: data = json.loads(stdout) all_disks = [] all_partitions = [] all_efi_partitions = [] for block_device in data.get("blockdevices", []): _process_partition(block_device, all_disks, all_partitions, all_efi_partitions) log_info(f"扫描完成: 发现 {len(all_disks)} 个磁盘, {len(all_partitions)} 个分区, {len(all_efi_partitions)} 个EFI分区") for d in all_disks: log_debug(f" 磁盘: {d['name']}") for p in all_partitions: log_debug(f" 分区: {p['name']} ({p['fstype']})") for e in all_efi_partitions: log_info(f" EFI分区: {e['name']}") return True, all_disks, all_partitions, all_efi_partitions, "" except json.JSONDecodeError as e: log_error(f"解析 lsblk 输出失败: {e}") return False, [], [], [], f"解析lsblk输出失败: {e}" except Exception as e: log_error(f"处理分区数据时发生未知错误: {e}") return False, [], [], [], f"处理分区数据时发生未知错误: {e}" def _cleanup_partial_mount(mount_point: str, mounted_boot: bool, mounted_efi: bool, bind_paths_mounted: List[str]) -> None: """清理部分挂载的资源""" log_warning(f"清理部分挂载资源: {mount_point}") for target_path in reversed(bind_paths_mounted): if os.path.ismount(target_path): run_command(["sudo", "umount", target_path], f"清理卸载绑定 {target_path}") if mounted_efi: efi_mount_point = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot/efi") if os.path.ismount(efi_mount_point): run_command(["sudo", "umount", efi_mount_point], "清理卸载EFI分区") if mounted_boot: boot_mount_point = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot") if os.path.ismount(boot_mount_point): run_command(["sudo", "umount", boot_mount_point], "清理卸载/boot分区") if os.path.ismount(mount_point): run_command(["sudo", "umount", mount_point], "清理卸载根分区") if os.path.exists(mount_point) and not os.path.ismount(mount_point): try: os.rmdir(mount_point) except OSError: pass def mount_target_system(root_partition: str, boot_partition: Optional[str] = None, efi_partition: Optional[str] = None) -> Tuple[bool, str, str]: """ 挂载目标系统的根分区、/boot分区和EFI分区到临时目录。 """ log_step("挂载目标系统", f"根分区: {root_partition}, /boot: {boot_partition or '无'}, EFI: {efi_partition or '无'}") if not validate_device_path(root_partition): log_error(f"无效的根分区路径: {root_partition}") return False, "", f"无效的根分区路径: {root_partition}" if boot_partition and not validate_device_path(boot_partition): log_error(f"无效的/boot分区路径: {boot_partition}") return False, "", f"无效的/boot分区路径: {boot_partition}" if efi_partition and not validate_device_path(efi_partition): log_error(f"无效的EFI分区路径: {efi_partition}") return False, "", f"无效的EFI分区路径: {efi_partition}" mount_point = "/mnt_grub_repair_" + str(int(time.time())) log_info(f"创建临时挂载点: {mount_point}") try: os.makedirs(mount_point, exist_ok=False) log_info(f"✓ 挂载点创建成功") except Exception as e: log_error(f"创建挂载点失败: {e}") return False, "", f"创建挂载点失败: {e}" bind_paths_mounted = [] mounted_boot = False mounted_efi = False # 1. 挂载根分区 log_info(f"[1/4] 挂载根分区 {root_partition} 到 {mount_point}") success, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "mount", root_partition, mount_point], f"挂载根分区 {root_partition}") if not success: log_error(f"挂载根分区失败，清理中...") os.rmdir(mount_point) return False, "", f"挂载根分区失败: {stderr}" # 检查挂载是否成功 if not os.path.ismount(mount_point): log_error(f"挂载点未激活: {mount_point}") return False, "", "挂载根分区失败: 挂载点未激活" log_info(f"✓ 根分区挂载成功") # 检查关键目录 for check_dir in ["etc", "boot"]: full_path = os.path.join(mount_point, check_dir) if os.path.exists(full_path): log_info(f" 发现目录: /{check_dir}") else: log_warning(f" 未找到目录: /{check_dir}") # 2. 挂载 /boot 分区 if boot_partition: log_info(f"[2/4] 挂载 /boot 分区 {boot_partition}") boot_mount_point = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot") if not os.path.exists(boot_mount_point): os.makedirs(boot_mount_point) log_debug(f"创建 /boot 挂载点") success, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "mount", boot_partition, boot_mount_point], f"挂载 /boot 分区 {boot_partition}") if not success: log_error(f"挂载 /boot 分区失败，开始清理...") _cleanup_partial_mount(mount_point, False, False, []) return False, "", f"挂载 /boot 分区失败: {stderr}" mounted_boot = True log_info(f"✓ /boot 分区挂载成功") else: log_info(f"[2/4] 无独立的 /boot 分区，跳过") # 3. 挂载 EFI 分区 if efi_partition: log_info(f"[3/4] 挂载 EFI 分区 {efi_partition}") efi_mount_point = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot/efi") if not os.path.exists(efi_mount_point): os.makedirs(efi_mount_point) log_debug(f"创建 /boot/efi 挂载点") success, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "mount", efi_partition, efi_mount_point], f"挂载 EFI 分区 {efi_partition}") if not success: log_error(f"挂载 EFI 分区失败，开始清理...") _cleanup_partial_mount(mount_point, mounted_boot, False, []) return False, "", f"挂载 EFI 分区失败: {stderr}" mounted_efi = True log_info(f"✓ EFI 分区挂载成功") # 检查 EFI 分区内容 efi_path = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot/efi/EFI") if os.path.exists(efi_path): log_info(f" EFI 分区内容:") try: for item in os.listdir(efi_path): log_info(f" - {item}") except Exception as e: log_warning(f" 无法列出 EFI 目录: {e}") else: log_info(f"[3/4] 无 EFI 分区，跳过") # 4. 绑定伪文件系统 log_info(f"[4/4] 绑定伪文件系统 (/dev, /proc, /sys 等)") bind_paths = ["/dev", "/dev/pts", "/proc", "/sys", "/run"] for path in bind_paths: target_path = os.path.join(mount_point, path.lstrip('/')) if not os.path.exists(target_path): os.makedirs(target_path) log_debug(f"创建目录: {target_path}") success, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "mount", "--bind", path, target_path], f"绑定 {path}") if not success: log_error(f"绑定 {path} 失败，开始清理...") _cleanup_partial_mount(mount_point, mounted_boot, mounted_efi, bind_paths_mounted) return False, "", f"绑定 {path} 失败: {stderr}" bind_paths_mounted.append(target_path) log_info(f"✓ 所有绑定完成") log_info(f"挂载摘要: 根分区 ✓, /boot {'✓' if mounted_boot else '✗'}, EFI {'✓' if mounted_efi else '✗'}") return True, mount_point, "" def detect_distro_type(mount_point: str) -> str: """ 检测目标系统发行版类型。 """ log_step("检测发行版类型", f"挂载点: {mount_point}") os_release_path = os.path.join(mount_point, "etc/os-release") log_info(f"检查文件: {os_release_path}") if not os.path.exists(os_release_path): log_warning(f"未找到 {os_release_path}，尝试 /etc/issue") issue_path = os.path.join(mount_point, "etc/issue") if os.path.exists(issue_path): try: with open(issue_path, "r") as f: content = f.read().lower() log_debug(f"/etc/issue 内容: {content[:200]}") if "ubuntu" in content: log_info(f"通过 /etc/issue 检测到: ubuntu") return "ubuntu" elif "debian" in content: log_info(f"通过 /etc/issue 检测到: debian") return "debian" elif "centos" in content or "rhel" in content: log_info(f"通过 /etc/issue 检测到: centos") return "centos" elif "fedora" in content: log_info(f"通过 /etc/issue 检测到: fedora") return "fedora" except Exception as e: log_warning(f"读取 /etc/issue 失败: {e}") return "unknown" try: with open(os_release_path, "r") as f: content = f.read() log_debug(f"/etc/os-release 内容:\n{content}") id_match = re.search(r'^ID=(.+)$', content, re.MULTILINE) id_like_match = re.search(r'^ID_LIKE=(.+)$', content, re.MULTILINE) distro_id = id_match.group(1).strip('"\'') if id_match else "" id_like = id_like_match.group(1).strip('"\'') if id_like_match else "" log_info(f"ID={distro_id}, ID_LIKE={id_like}") if distro_id == "ubuntu": log_info(f"检测到发行版: ubuntu") return "ubuntu" elif distro_id == "debian": log_info(f"检测到发行版: debian") return "debian" elif distro_id in ["arch", "manjaro", "endeavouros"]: log_info(f"检测到发行版: arch (ID={distro_id})") return "arch" elif distro_id in ["centos", "rhel", "rocky", "almalinux"]: log_info(f"检测到发行版: centos (ID={distro_id})") return "centos" elif distro_id == "fedora": log_info(f"检测到发行版: fedora") return "fedora" elif distro_id in ["opensuse", "opensuse-leap", "opensuse-tumbleweed"]: log_info(f"检测到发行版: opensuse (ID={distro_id})") return "opensuse" if "ubuntu" in id_like: log_info(f"通过 ID_LIKE 推断: ubuntu") return "ubuntu" elif "debian" in id_like: log_info(f"通过 ID_LIKE 推断: debian") return "debian" elif "arch" in id_like: log_info(f"通过 ID_LIKE 推断: arch") return "arch" elif "rhel" in id_like or "centos" in id_like or "fedora" in id_like: log_info(f"通过 ID_LIKE 推断: centos") return "centos" elif "suse" in id_like: log_info(f"通过 ID_LIKE 推断: opensuse") return "opensuse" log_warning(f"无法识别的发行版，ID={distro_id}, ID_LIKE={id_like}") return "unknown" except Exception as e: log_error(f"读取 os-release 文件失败: {e}") return "unknown" def check_chroot_environment(mount_point: str) -> Tuple[bool, str]: """ 检查 chroot 环境是否可用。 """ log_step("检查 chroot 环境", f"挂载点: {mount_point}") # 检查关键命令是否存在 critical_commands = ["grub-install", "grub-mkconfig", "update-grub"] found_commands = [] for cmd in critical_commands: success, _, _ = run_command(["sudo", "chroot", mount_point, "which", cmd], f"检查命令 {cmd}", timeout=10) if success: found_commands.append(cmd) log_info(f" ✓ 找到命令: {cmd}") else: log_warning(f" ✗ 未找到命令: {cmd}") if not found_commands: log_error(f"chroot 环境中未找到关键的 GRUB 命令") return False, "chroot 环境中缺少 GRUB 命令" # 检查 grub-install 版本 success, stdout, _ = run_command(["sudo", "chroot", mount_point, "grub-install", "--version"], "检查 grub-install 版本", timeout=10) if success: log_info(f"grub-install 版本: {stdout.strip()}") # 检查 EFI 目录（UEFI 模式） efi_dir = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot/efi") if os.path.ismount(efi_dir): log_info(f"✓ EFI 分区已挂载到 /boot/efi") # 检查 EFI 目录权限 try: stat = os.stat(efi_dir) log_info(f" EFI 目录权限: {oct(stat.st_mode)}") except Exception as e: log_warning(f" 无法获取 EFI 目录权限: {e}") else: log_info(f"EFI 分区未挂载（可能是 BIOS 模式）") return True, "" def chroot_and_repair_grub(mount_point: str, target_disk: str, is_uefi: bool = False, distro_type: str = "unknown") -> Tuple[bool, str]: """ Chroot到目标系统并执行GRUB修复命令。 """ log_step("修复 GRUB", f"目标磁盘: {target_disk}, UEFI: {is_uefi}, 发行版: {distro_type}") if not validate_device_path(target_disk): log_error(f"无效的目标磁盘路径: {target_disk}") return False, f"无效的目标磁盘路径: {target_disk}" # 检查 chroot 环境 ok, err = check_chroot_environment(mount_point) if not ok: return False, err chroot_cmd_prefix = ["sudo", "chroot", mount_point] # 1. 安装GRUB log_info(f"[1/2] 安装 GRUB 到 {target_disk}") if is_uefi: log_info(f"UEFI 模式安装...") # 检查 EFI 分区是否正确挂载 efi_check_path = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot/efi/EFI") if os.path.exists(efi_check_path): log_info(f"✓ EFI 目录存在: {efi_check_path}") try: contents = os.listdir(efi_check_path) log_info(f" 当前 EFI 目录内容: {contents}") # 检查是否已有其他启动项 existing_entries = [d for d in contents if d not in ['BOOT', 'boot']] if existing_entries: log_info(f" 发现已有启动项: {existing_entries}") log_info(f" 建议：在BIOS中选择这些启动项之一，或继续使用新安装的GRUB") except Exception as e: log_warning(f" 无法列出 EFI 目录: {e}") else: log_warning(f"✗ EFI 目录不存在: {efi_check_path}") # 检测是否在Live环境中（通过检查/sys/firmware/efi/efivars是否存在且可访问） is_live_env = not os.path.exists("/sys/firmware/efi/efivars") or \ not os.listdir("/sys/firmware/efi/efivars") if is_live_env: log_info(f"检测到 Live 环境（无法访问 EFI 变量），将使用 --removable 模式安装") # 第一次尝试：标准安装（带NVRAM注册） log_info(f"尝试 1/3: 标准 UEFI 安装（带 NVRAM）...") success, stdout, stderr = run_command( chroot_cmd_prefix + ["grub-install", "--target=x86_64-efi", "--efi-directory=/boot/efi", "--bootloader-id=GRUB", "--verbose"], "安装UEFI GRUB（带NVRAM）", timeout=60 ) if not success: log_warning(f"标准安装失败") log_debug(f"错误详情: {stderr}") # Live环境或NVRAM失败时，优先使用 --removable（创建 /EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi） if "EFI variables are not supported" in stderr or "efibootmgr" in stderr or is_live_env: log_info(f"尝试 2/3: Live环境模式（--removable，安装到 /EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi）...") success, stdout, stderr = run_command( chroot_cmd_prefix + ["grub-install", "--target=x86_64-efi", "--efi-directory=/boot/efi", "--removable", "--verbose"], "安装UEFI GRUB（可移动模式）", timeout=60 ) if success: log_info(f"✓ 可移动模式安装成功！") log_info(f" GRUB 已安装到 /EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi") log_info(f" 这是UEFI通用回退路径，应该在大多数BIOS中自动识别") # 如果 removable 也失败，尝试 --no-nvram（标准路径但不注册NVRAM） if not success: log_info(f"尝试 3/3: 使用 --no-nvram 选项（标准路径但不注册启动项）...") success, stdout, stderr = run_command( chroot_cmd_prefix + ["grub-install", "--target=x86_64-efi", "--efi-directory=/boot/efi", "--bootloader-id=GRUB", "--no-nvram", "--verbose"], "安装UEFI GRUB（不带NVRAM）", timeout=60 ) # 检查安装结果 if success: log_info(f"✓ GRUB EFI 文件安装成功") # 检查生成的文件 efi_paths_to_check = [ os.path.join(mount_point, "boot/efi/EFI/GRUB"), os.path.join(mount_point, "boot/efi/EFI/Boot"), os.path.join(mount_point, "boot/efi/efi/GRUB"), # 某些系统使用小写 os.path.join(mount_point, "boot/efi/efi/boot"), ] found_efi_file = False for path in efi_paths_to_check: if os.path.exists(path): log_info(f" 检查目录: {path}") try: files = os.listdir(path) for f in files: if f.endswith('.efi'): full = os.path.join(path, f) size = os.path.getsize(full) log_info(f" ✓ EFI文件: {f} ({size} bytes)") found_efi_file = True except Exception as e: log_warning(f" 无法列出: {e}") if not found_efi_file: log_warning(f" 未找到任何 .efi 文件，安装可能有问题") else: log_info(f"BIOS 模式安装...") success, stdout, stderr = run_command( chroot_cmd_prefix + ["grub-install", "--verbose", target_disk], "安装BIOS GRUB", timeout=60 ) if not success: log_error(f"GRUB 安装失败") return False, f"GRUB安装失败: {stderr}" log_info(f"✓ GRUB 安装成功") # 2. 更新GRUB配置 log_info(f"[2/2] 更新 GRUB 配置文件") grub_update_cmd = [] config_path = "" if distro_type in ["debian", "ubuntu"]: grub_update_cmd = ["update-grub"] config_path = "/boot/grub/grub.cfg" elif distro_type == "arch": grub_update_cmd = ["grub-mkconfig", "-o", "/boot/grub/grub.cfg"] config_path = "/boot/grub/grub.cfg" elif distro_type == "centos": grub2_path = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot/grub2/grub.cfg") if os.path.exists(os.path.dirname(grub2_path)): grub_update_cmd = ["grub2-mkconfig", "-o", "/boot/grub2/grub.cfg"] config_path = "/boot/grub2/grub.cfg" else: grub_update_cmd = ["grub2-mkconfig", "-o", "/boot/grub/grub.cfg"] config_path = "/boot/grub/grub.cfg" elif distro_type == "fedora": grub_update_cmd = ["grub2-mkconfig", "-o", "/boot/grub2/grub.cfg"] config_path = "/boot/grub2/grub.cfg" elif distro_type == "opensuse": grub_update_cmd = ["grub2-mkconfig", "-o", "/boot/grub2/grub.cfg"] config_path = "/boot/grub2/grub.cfg" else: for cfg_path in ["/boot/grub/grub.cfg", "/boot/grub2/grub.cfg"]: full_path = os.path.join(mount_point, cfg_path.lstrip('/')) if os.path.exists(os.path.dirname(full_path)): grub_update_cmd = ["grub-mkconfig", "-o", cfg_path] config_path = cfg_path break else: grub_update_cmd = ["grub-mkconfig", "-o", "/boot/grub/grub.cfg"] config_path = "/boot/grub/grub.cfg" log_info(f"使用命令: {' '.join(grub_update_cmd)}") log_info(f"配置文件路径: {config_path}") success, stdout, stderr = run_command( chroot_cmd_prefix + grub_update_cmd, "更新GRUB配置文件", timeout=120 ) if not success: log_error(f"GRUB 配置文件更新失败: {stderr}") return False, f"GRUB配置文件更新失败: {stderr}" log_info(f"✓ GRUB 配置文件更新成功") # 检查生成的配置文件 full_config_path = os.path.join(mount_point, config_path.lstrip('/')) if os.path.exists(full_config_path): size = os.path.getsize(full_config_path) log_info(f" 配置文件大小: {size} bytes") # 检查配置文件中是否包含菜单项 try: with open(full_config_path, 'r') as f: content = f.read() menu_entries = content.count('menuentry') log_info(f" 发现 {menu_entries} 个启动菜单项") except Exception as e: log_warning(f" 无法读取配置文件: {e}") else: log_warning(f" 配置文件未找到: {full_config_path}") # UEFI 模式下输出重要提示 if is_uefi: log_step("UEFI 修复完成提示") log_info(f"GRUB EFI 文件已安装到 EFI 分区") # 检测安装模式并给出相应提示 efi_boot_path = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot/efi/EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi") efi_grub_path = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot/efi/EFI/GRUB/grubx64.efi") if os.path.exists(efi_boot_path): log_info(f"") log_info(f"【重要】使用可移动模式安装 (/EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi)") log_info(f"启动方法：") log_info(f" 1. 在BIOS中选择 'UEFI Hard Drive' 或 'UEFI OS' 启动") log_info(f" 2. 如果有多块硬盘，选择正确的硬盘 (通常是第一块)") log_info(f" 3. 确保启动模式为 UEFI（不是 Legacy/CSM）") elif os.path.exists(efi_grub_path): log_info(f"") log_info(f"【重要】使用标准模式安装 (/EFI/GRUB/grubx64.efi)") log_info(f"启动方法：") log_info(f" 1. 在BIOS启动菜单中选择 'GRUB' 或 'Linux' 启动项") log_info(f" 2. 如果没有该选项，需要手动添加启动项") log_info(f" 路径: \\EFI\\GRUB\\grubx64.efi") log_info(f"") log_info(f"故障排除：") log_info(f" • 如果仍无法启动，请检查：") log_info(f" - BIOS 是否设置为 UEFI 启动模式（非 Legacy/CSM）") log_info(f" - 安全启动 (Secure Boot) 是否已禁用") log_info(f" - EFI 分区格式是否为 FAT32") log_info(f"") log_info(f" • 如果BIOS中有旧启动项（如 BBT-TMS-OS），请尝试：") log_info(f" - 选择该启动项可能可以启动（如果它指向正确的系统）") log_info(f" - 或删除旧启动项，让BIOS重新检测") return True, "" def unmount_target_system(mount_point: str) -> Tuple[bool, str]: """ 卸载所有挂载的分区。 """ log_step("卸载目标系统", f"挂载点: {mount_point}") success = True error_msg = "" bind_paths = ["/run", "/sys", "/proc", "/dev/pts", "/dev"] for path in bind_paths: target_path = os.path.join(mount_point, path.lstrip('/')) if os.path.ismount(target_path): s, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "umount", target_path], f"卸载绑定 {target_path}") if not s: success = False error_msg += f"卸载绑定 {target_path} 失败: {stderr}\n" else: log_debug(f"未挂载，跳过: {target_path}") efi_mount_point = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot/efi") if os.path.ismount(efi_mount_point): s, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "umount", efi_mount_point], f"卸载 EFI 分区") if not s: success = False error_msg += f"卸载 EFI 分区失败: {stderr}\n" else: log_debug(f"EFI 分区未挂载，跳过") boot_mount_point = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot") if os.path.ismount(boot_mount_point): s, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "umount", boot_mount_point], f"卸载 /boot 分区") if not s: success = False error_msg += f"卸载 /boot 分区失败: {stderr}\n" else: log_debug(f"/boot 分区未挂载，跳过") if os.path.ismount(mount_point): s, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "umount", mount_point], f"卸载根分区") if not s: success = False error_msg += f"卸载根分区失败: {stderr}\n" else: log_debug(f"根分区未挂载，跳过") if os.path.exists(mount_point) and not os.path.ismount(mount_point): try: shutil.rmtree(mount_point) log_info(f"✓ 清理临时目录: {mount_point}") except OSError as e: log_warning(f"无法删除临时目录 {mount_point}: {e}") error_msg += f"无法删除临时目录: {e}\n" if success: log_info(f"✓ 所有分区已卸载") else: log_warning(f"部分分区卸载失败") return success, error_msg if __name__ == "__main__": print("--- 运行后端测试 ---") print("\n--- 扫描分区测试 ---") success, disks, partitions, efi_partitions, err = scan_partitions() if success: print("磁盘:", [d['name'] for d in disks]) print("分区:", [p['name'] for p in partitions]) print("EFI分区:", [p['name'] for p in efi_partitions]) else: print("扫描分区失败:", err)