diff --git a/__pycache__/backend.cpython-36.pyc b/__pycache__/backend.cpython-36.pyc
index 1db805e..f427b28 100644
Binary files a/__pycache__/backend.cpython-36.pyc and b/__pycache__/backend.cpython-36.pyc differ
diff --git a/backend.py b/backend.py
index 17dfc08..65fe621 100644
--- a/backend.py
+++ b/backend.py
@@ -394,11 +394,34 @@ def chroot_and_repair_grub(mount_point: str, target_disk: str,
 
     # 1. 安装GRUB到目标磁盘
     if is_uefi:
+        # UEFI模式：首先尝试正常安装（注册NVRAM启动项）
         success, _, stderr = run_command(
             chroot_cmd_prefix + ["grub-install", "--target=x86_64-efi", 
                                  "--efi-directory=/boot/efi", "--bootloader-id=GRUB"],
-            "安装UEFI GRUB"
+            "安装UEFI GRUB（带NVRAM）"
         )
+        
+        # 如果失败是因为EFI变量不支持（常见于Live环境修复外部磁盘），使用 --no-nvram 重试
+        if not success and ("EFI variables are not supported" in stderr or 
+                           "efibootmgr" in stderr or
+                           "NVRAM" in stderr):
+            print(f"[Backend] 警告: EFI变量访问失败，尝试不使用NVRAM (--no-nvram) 安装...")
+            success, _, stderr = run_command(
+                chroot_cmd_prefix + ["grub-install", "--target=x86_64-efi", 
+                                     "--efi-directory=/boot/efi", "--bootloader-id=GRUB",
+                                     "--no-nvram"],
+                "安装UEFI GRUB（不带NVRAM）"
+            )
+            
+        # 如果仍然失败，尝试 --removable 选项（某些固件需要）
+        if not success:
+            print(f"[Backend] 警告: 标准安装失败，尝试 --removable 选项...")
+            success, _, stderr = run_command(
+                chroot_cmd_prefix + ["grub-install", "--target=x86_64-efi", 
+                                     "--efi-directory=/boot/efi", 
+                                     "--removable"],
+                "安装UEFI GRUB（可移动模式）"
+            )
     else:
         success, _, stderr = run_command(
             chroot_cmd_prefix + ["grub-install", target_disk],