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zj
322
backend.py
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322
backend.py
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# backend.py
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import subprocess
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import os
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import json
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import time # 用于模拟耗时操作，实际可移除
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def run_command(command, description="执行命令", cwd=None, shell=False):
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"""
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运行一个系统命令，并捕获其输出和错误。
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:param command: 要执行的命令列表 (例如 ["sudo", "lsblk"])
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:param description: 命令的描述，用于日志
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:param cwd: 更改工作目录
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:param shell: 是否使用shell执行命令 (通常不推荐，除非命令需要shell特性)
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:return: (True/False, stdout, stderr) 表示成功、标准输出、标准错误
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"""
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try:
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print(f"[Backend] {description}: {' '.join(command)}")
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result = subprocess.run(
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command,
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capture_output=True,
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text=True,
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check=True, # 如果命令返回非零退出码，将抛出CalledProcessError
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cwd=cwd,
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shell=shell
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)
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print(f"[Backend] 命令成功: {description}")
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return True, result.stdout, result.stderr
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except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
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print(f"[Backend] 命令失败: {description}")
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print(f"[Backend] 错误输出: {e.stderr}")
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return False, e.stdout, e.stderr
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except FileNotFoundError:
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print(f"[Backend] 命令未找到: {' '.join(command)}")
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return False, "", f"命令未找到: {command[0]}"
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"[Backend] 发生未知错误: {e}")
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return False, "", str(e)
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def scan_partitions():
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"""
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扫描系统中的所有磁盘和分区，并返回结构化的信息。
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:return: (success, disks, partitions, efi_partitions, error_message)
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disks: list of {"name": "/dev/sda"}
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partitions: list of {"name": "/dev/sda1", "fstype": "ext4", "size": "100G", "mountpoint": "/"}
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efi_partitions: list of {"name": "/dev/sda1", "fstype": "vfat", "size": "512M"}
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"""
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success, stdout, stderr = run_command(
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["sudo", "lsblk", "-J", "-o", "NAME,FSTYPE,SIZE,MOUNTPOINT,UUID,PARTLABEL,LABEL,TYPE"],
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"扫描分区"
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)
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if not success:
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return False, [], [], [], stderr
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try:
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data = json.loads(stdout)
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all_disks = []
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all_partitions = []
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all_efi_partitions = []
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for block_device in data.get("blockdevices", []):
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dev_name = f"/dev/{block_device['name']}"
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dev_type = block_device.get("type")
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if dev_type == "disk":
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all_disks.append({"name": dev_name})
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elif dev_type == "part":
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# 过滤掉Live系统自身的分区（基于常见的Live环境挂载点）
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mountpoint = block_device.get("mountpoint")
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if mountpoint and (mountpoint == "/" or mountpoint.startswith("/run/media") or mountpoint.startswith("/cdrom")):
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continue
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part_info = {
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"name": dev_name,
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"fstype": block_device.get("fstype", "unknown"),
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"size": block_device.get("size", "unknown"),
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"mountpoint": mountpoint,
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"uuid": block_device.get("uuid"),
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"partlabel": block_device.get("partlabel"),
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"label": block_device.get("label")
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}
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all_partitions.append(part_info)
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# 识别EFI系统分区 (FAT32文件系统, 且通常有特定标签或名称)
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if part_info["fstype"] == "vfat" and (part_info["partlabel"] == "EFI System Partition" or part_info["label"] == "EFI"):
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all_efi_partitions.append(part_info)
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return True, all_disks, all_partitions, all_efi_partitions, ""
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except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
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return False, [], [], [], f"解析lsblk输出失败: {e}"
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except Exception as e:
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return False, [], [], [], f"处理分区数据时发生未知错误: {e}"
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def mount_target_system(root_partition, boot_partition=None, efi_partition=None):
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"""
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挂载目标系统的根分区、/boot分区和EFI分区到临时目录。
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:param root_partition: 目标系统的根分区设备路径 (例如 /dev/sda1)
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:param boot_partition: 目标系统的独立 /boot 分区设备路径 (可选)
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:param efi_partition: 目标系统的EFI系统分区设备路径 (可选，仅UEFI)
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:return: (True/False, mount_point, error_message)
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"""
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mount_point = "/mnt_grub_repair_" + str(int(time.time())) # 确保唯一性
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if not os.path.exists(mount_point):
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os.makedirs(mount_point)
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# 1. 挂载根分区
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success, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "mount", root_partition, mount_point], f"挂载根分区 {root_partition}")
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if not success:
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return False, "", f"挂载根分区失败: {stderr}"
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# 2. 如果有独立 /boot 分区
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if boot_partition:
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boot_mount_point = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot")
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if not os.path.exists(boot_mount_point):
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os.makedirs(boot_mount_point)
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success, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "mount", boot_partition, boot_mount_point], f"挂载 /boot 分区 {boot_partition}")
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if not success:
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unmount_target_system(mount_point) # 挂载失败，尝试清理
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return False, "", f"挂载 /boot 分区失败: {stderr}"
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# 3. 如果有EFI分区 (UEFI系统)
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if efi_partition:
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efi_mount_point = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot/efi")
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if not os.path.exists(efi_mount_point):
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os.makedirs(efi_mount_point)
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success, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "mount", efi_partition, efi_mount_point], f"挂载 EFI 分区 {efi_partition}")
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if not success:
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unmount_target_system(mount_point) # 挂载失败，尝试清理
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return False, "", f"挂载 EFI 分区失败: {stderr}"
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# 4. 绑定必要的伪文件系统
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bind_paths = ["/dev", "/dev/pts", "/proc", "/sys", "/run"]
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for path in bind_paths:
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target_path = os.path.join(mount_point, path.lstrip('/'))
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if not os.path.exists(target_path):
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os.makedirs(target_path)
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success, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "mount", "--bind", path, target_path], f"绑定 {path} 到 {target_path}")
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if not success:
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unmount_target_system(mount_point) # 绑定失败，尝试清理
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return False, "", f"绑定 {path} 失败: {stderr}"
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return True, mount_point, ""
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def detect_distro_type(mount_point):
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"""
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尝试检测目标系统发行版类型。
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:param mount_point: 目标系统根分区的挂载点
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:return: "arch", "centos", "debian", "ubuntu", "unknown"
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"""
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os_release_path = os.path.join(mount_point, "etc/os-release")
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if not os.path.exists(os_release_path):
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return "unknown"
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try:
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with open(os_release_path, "r") as f:
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content = f.read()
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if "ID=arch" in content:
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return "arch"
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elif "ID=centos" in content or "ID=rhel" in content:
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return "centos"
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elif "ID=debian" in content:
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return "debian"
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elif "ID=ubuntu" in content:
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return "ubuntu"
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else:
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return "unknown"
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"[Backend] 无法读取os-release文件: {e}")
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return "unknown"
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def chroot_and_repair_grub(mount_point, target_disk, is_uefi=False, distro_type="unknown"):
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"""
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Chroot到目标系统并执行GRUB修复命令。
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:param mount_point: 目标系统根分区的挂载点
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:param target_disk: GRUB要安装到的物理磁盘 (例如 /dev/sda)
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:param is_uefi: 目标系统是否使用UEFI启动
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:param distro_type: 目标系统发行版类型 (用于选择正确的GRUB命令)
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:return: (True/False, error_message)
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"""
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chroot_cmd_prefix = ["sudo", "chroot", mount_point]
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# 1. 安装GRUB到目标磁盘
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if is_uefi:
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# UEFI系统，需要确保EFI分区已挂载到 /boot/efi
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# grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=GRUB
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# 注意：某些系统可能需要指定 --removable 选项，以便在某些固件上更容易启动
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# 统一使用 --bootloader-id=GRUB，如果已存在会更新
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success, _, stderr = run_command(
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chroot_cmd_prefix + ["grub-install", "--target=x86_64-efi", "--efi-directory=/boot/efi", "--bootloader-id=GRUB"],
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"安装UEFI GRUB"
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)
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else:
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# BIOS系统，安装到MBR
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success, _, stderr = run_command(
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chroot_cmd_prefix + ["grub-install", target_disk],
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"安装BIOS GRUB"
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)
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if not success:
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return False, f"GRUB安装失败: {stderr}"
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# 2. 更新GRUB配置文件
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grub_update_cmd = []
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if distro_type in ["debian", "ubuntu"]:
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grub_update_cmd = ["update-grub"] # 这是一个脚本，实际是调用grub-mkconfig
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elif distro_type == "arch":
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grub_update_cmd = ["grub-mkconfig", "-o", "/boot/grub/grub.cfg"]
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elif distro_type == "centos":
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grub_update_cmd = ["grub2-mkconfig", "-o", "/boot/grub2/grub.cfg"] # CentOS 8/9
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else:
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# 尝试通用命令
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grub_update_cmd = ["grub-mkconfig", "-o", "/boot/grub/grub.cfg"]
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success, _, stderr = run_command(
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chroot_cmd_prefix + grub_update_cmd,
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"更新GRUB配置文件"
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)
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if not success:
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return False, f"GRUB配置文件更新失败: {stderr}"
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return True, ""
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def unmount_target_system(mount_point):
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"""
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卸载所有挂载的分区。
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:param mount_point: 目标系统根分区的挂载点
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:return: (True/False, error_message)
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"""
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print(f"[Backend] 正在卸载分区 from {mount_point}...")
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success = True
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error_msg = ""
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# 逆序卸载绑定
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bind_paths = ["/run", "/sys", "/proc", "/dev/pts", "/dev"]
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for path in reversed(bind_paths): # 逆序
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target_path = os.path.join(mount_point, path.lstrip('/'))
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if os.path.ismount(target_path): # 检查是否真的挂载了
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s, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "umount", target_path], f"卸载绑定 {target_path}")
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if not s:
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success = False
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error_msg += f"卸载绑定 {target_path} 失败: {stderr}\n"
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# 卸载 /boot/efi (如果存在)
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efi_mount_point = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot/efi")
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if os.path.ismount(efi_mount_point):
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s, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "umount", efi_mount_point], f"卸载 {efi_mount_point}")
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if not s:
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success = False
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error_msg += f"卸载 {efi_mount_point} 失败: {stderr}\n"
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# 卸载 /boot (如果存在)
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boot_mount_point = os.path.join(mount_point, "boot")
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if os.path.ismount(boot_mount_point):
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s, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "umount", boot_mount_point], f"卸载 {boot_mount_point}")
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if not s:
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success = False
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error_msg += f"卸载 {boot_mount_point} 失败: {stderr}\n"
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# 卸载根分区
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if os.path.ismount(mount_point):
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s, _, stderr = run_command(["sudo", "umount", mount_point], f"卸载根分区 {mount_point}")
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if not s:
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success = False
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error_msg += f"卸载根分区 {mount_point} 失败: {stderr}\n"
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# 清理临时挂载点目录
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if os.path.exists(mount_point) and not os.path.ismount(mount_point):
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try:
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os.rmdir(mount_point)
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print(f"[Backend] 清理临时目录 {mount_point}")
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except OSError as e:
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print(f"[Backend] 无法删除临时目录 {mount_point}: {e}")
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error_msg += f"无法删除临时目录 {mount_point}: {e}\n"
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return success, error_msg
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# 示例：如果直接运行backend.py，可以进行一些测试
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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print("--- 运行后端测试 ---")
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print("\n--- 扫描分区测试 ---")
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success, disks, partitions, efi_partitions, err = scan_partitions()
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if success:
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print("磁盘:", [d['name'] for d in disks])
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print("分区:", [p['name'] for p in partitions])
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print("EFI分区:", [p['name'] for p in efi_partitions])
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else:
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print("扫描分区失败:", err)
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# 假设有一些分区可供测试，实际运行时需要用户输入
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# 例如：
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# test_root_partition = "/dev/sdaX"
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# test_target_disk = "/dev/sda"
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# test_efi_partition = "/dev/sdY"
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#
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# if test_root_partition and test_target_disk:
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# print(f"\n--- 挂载系统测试 (模拟 {test_root_partition}) ---")
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# mount_ok, mnt_pt, mount_err = mount_target_system(test_root_partition, efi_partition=test_efi_partition)
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# if mount_ok:
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# print(f"系统挂载成功到: {mnt_pt}")
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# distro = detect_distro_type(mnt_pt)
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# print(f"检测到发行版: {distro}")
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#
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# print("\n--- 修复GRUB测试 ---")
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# repair_ok, repair_err = chroot_and_repair_grub(mnt_pt, test_target_disk, is_uefi=True, distro_type=distro)
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# if repair_ok:
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# print("GRUB修复成功！")
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# else:
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# print("GRUB修复失败:", repair_err)
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#
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# print("\n--- 卸载系统测试 ---")
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# unmount_ok, unmount_err = unmount_target_system(mnt_pt)
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# if unmount_ok:
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# print("系统卸载成功！")
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# else:
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# print("系统卸载失败:", unmount_err)
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# else:
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# print("系统挂载失败:", mount_err)
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# else:
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# print("\n请在代码中设置 test_root_partition 和 test_target_disk 进行完整测试。")
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user